Ubu Leta y’u Rwanda irashyira imbaraga mu butabera bushingiye ku gukemura amakimbirane mu buryo bw’ubuhuza n’ubwunzi (Altternative dispute resolutions-ADR), gusa hari impungenge ko iyi gahunda ishobora gutakarizwa icyizere kubera ko ishobora kugaruka mu isura y’imikorere y’abunzi, aho bamwe bashinjwa gukora nabi kubera ruswa.
Impuguke mu mibanire y’abantu zivuga ko ubuhuza butandukanye n’ubucamanza kuko bwo abantu bafitanye ikibazo aribo bifatira imyanzuro babona ikwiye, cyakora bakaba bakifashisha nanone abantu bihitiyemo mu kugera kuri iyo myanzuro.
Mu kiganiro twagiranye n’uwahoze ari umwunzi muri kamwe mu tugari tugize umurenge wa Kigarama mu karere ka Kicukiro, Kalisa avuga ko bishoboka ko uburyo bw’ubuhuza bwagombaga gukoreshwa mu bunzi ariko kubera ruswa iri mu bunzi byatumye iyi gahunda ihinduka ubucamanza.
Kalisa avuga ko we yafashe umwanzuro wo kwegura kubera ingaruka z’iyo mikorere mibi, aho Inteko yinjiraga mu kibazo yabanje kubara inyungu zayo, aho kureba inyungu z’abafitanye amakimbirane. Ati “Imikorere mibi y’Abunzi itangira kuva umuntu azanye ikirego akagishyikiriza Gitifu w’Akagari, nawe agakorana na perezida w’Abunzi kugira ngo babanze bakuremo ayabo mu buryo bwa Ruswa.”
Akomeza agira ati “Nirukanwe mu bunzi kubera kwanga amanyanga bakoreragamo, aho kugira ngo bikosorwe ahubwo bampimbira ibyaha, mbonye binkomeranye, mfata umwanzuro kwegura. ”
Akomeza avuga ko ubu cyakora ubwo aheruka gukurikira amakuru, Gitifu w’Akagari atagifite ijambo nka mbere kuko atacyemerewe kuza mu Nteko iburanisha, ariko n’ubundi ni we abarega bacaho akabahuza na perezida w’Abunzi, bakumvikana uko imanza zizakorwa, ndetse zigacibwa zitaraburanishwa.
Abatarize nibo barwanira kuba Abunzi
Uburyo abunzi batorwa bigenwa n’Itegeko ngenga nº 02/2010/0l ryo kuwa 09/06/2010. ariko amakuru avuga ko habaho ikipe y’abantu mu kagali, bagendagenda mu ngo bagamije kuganiriza abantu bifuza kujya mu bunzi.
Undi muturage utuye mu Murenge wa Gikondo avuga ko yasabwe ruswa kugira ngo bamufashe gutsinda urubanza. Agira ati “Nabahaye amafaranga kandi nari mfite ukuri, n’ubwo natsinze ariko sinishimiye ijambo ko buri ‘mushumba akama izo aragiye’ kuko ngo abunzi nta mushahara bagira. Nahise mbona impamvu barwanira gutorwa nta mushahara bazabona, kandi ababirwanira abenshi ari abatarize, urebye batanafite ibyo bakora.”
Umwe mu bayobozi bakorera mu karere ka Kicukiro utarifuje ko amazina ye atangazwa, avuga ko ubundi mu gihe abunzi batagira umuntu n’umwe wize amategeko ubafasha mu guca imanza, bizakomeza kugorana ko intego y’uko urwego rw’Abunzi rufasha mu kugabanya imanza ziryamye mu nkiko kandi zidasiba kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi.
Ati “abantu baburana abenshi usanga barize, iyo babonye Inteko iburanisha yuzuyemo abantu batize, ni aho agasuzuguro gatangirira. Abagize Inteko iburanisha batinya igihagararo cy’umuntu ubahagaze imbere, yewe ubarusha no mu mufuka ku buryo buhambaye.”
Mukabera na we atuye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, avuga ko nta cyizere akigirira inzego z’ubutabera kuko yasiragijwe kenshi mu nkiko, ndetse akenshi akaba yarayobywaga n’uhagarariye inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko (MAJ) ku rwego rw’akarere. Ati “Nababajwe no kumva ko ukuri kudashobora gutsinda kutageretsweho amafaranga.” Uyu muturage yageze aho abivamo atanyuzwe n’ubutabera kuko yaburanaga n’umuhungu we avuga ko we yatanze amafaranga yita ‘’Bituga’’ kugira ngo amuriganye.
Amayeri mu gutanga ruswa
Inzira Ruswa icishwamo kugira ngo igere ku Bunzi bari buce urubanza, ngo ubundi inyuzwa kuri Gitifu w’Akagari, nawe agashakisha perezida w’Abunzi bakajya inama y’uko urubanza ruri bugende.
Uwantege Esther ni umuturage waburanishijwe n’Abunzi, yagize ati “Ubundi baguhitishamo amazina y’Abunzi wumva bakwinjra mu kibazo cyawe. buri ruhande rugatoranya uri buruhagararire. Kandi ibyo bikorwa mwamaze kugera ku kagari aho muburanira ndetse n’abunzi bahari, nta mahitamo uba ufite yo kudatoranya mu bo uhasanze, cyangwa se ngo ubange kuko akenshi iyo utuye kure nta n’ubwo uba ubazi.”
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye kigaragazwa n’Abunzi ni uko ibyo ababuranyi bavuga bitandikwa byose mu mwanzuro ukubiyemo uko iburanishwa ryagenze kubera ko basiga ipaji nkeya cyane zo kwandikaho, uburyo n’uko iburanishwa ryagenze ntabwo biba bigaragara kuri iyo fishi, bituma akenshi abajuriye barimanganywa iyo bigeze mu rukiko.
Umwe mu bunzi agaragaza ko uburyo bukoreshwa ari ikibazo: “Ibi bintu bikorwa nta korahabuhanga rikoreshejwe, kuburyo ubona rimwe na rimwe umwanditsi agera aho akaruha, kubera kwandika mu ikayi, bimwe akabisimbuka, ubundi akaziherera akabyandukura mu buryo we yumva, kuko ari n’akazi adahemberwa akenshi akerekeza amarangamutima ye ku wamuhaye bitugukwaha.”
Itegeko ngenga nº 02/2010/ol ryo kuwa 09/06/2010 rigena imiterere, ifasi, ububasha n’imikorere bya komite y’abunzi riteganya ko Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akagali cyangwa w’Umurenge ari we wakira ikirego akakigeza ku Bunzi b’Akagali cyangwa b’Umurenge. Gusa ngo ibi ntibikurikizwa nk’uko bivugwa na Christian Muhizi, uvuga ko Umunyamabanga w’Akagali aba ariwe usa n’utegeka abunzi ashyiraho italiki n’isaha bazaburanishirizaho abantu, ari nayo mpamvu akenshi ababoneka baba ari bake cyane cyangwa bahoraho.
Ubwumvikane n’ubuhuza bihanzwe amaso
Muri iki gihe Leta y’u Rwanda ishyize imbere uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane binyuze mu buryo bw’ubuhuza kugira ngo bigabanye imanza zikomeje kuba nyinshi mu nkiko.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, Nabahire Anastase avuga ko mu muco w’Abanyarwanda uburyo bwo guca imanza bishingiye ku muryango byahozeho kandi byakemuraga byinshi, dore ko abantu barangizaga gukemura ibibazo byabo bagafata n’umwanya bagasangira.
Avuga ko ubu buryo bw’ubuhuza butanga amahirwe cyane mu kugabanya imanza ziri mu nkiko kubera ko akenshi iyo ikibazo gikemuriwe ku rwego rw’umuryango nta kujurira bibaho, kandi ko abari bafitanye ibibazo bakomeza kubana mu mahoro bitandukanye n’ababuranishijwe n’inkiko.
Abantu bamaze kugeza ibirego byabo mu nkiko nabo bashobora gufata umwanzuro wo kwitabaza uburyo bw’ubuhuza, aho bashobora guhuza n’urukiko cyangwa bakihitiramo abandi bahuza bemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Ibyemezo bifashwe n’abahuza birihuta kandi nabyo biba bifite agaciro nk’iby’inkiko n’ubwo akenshi bitajuririrwa.
Mu bindi bihugu…
Cyane cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere nko mu Bwongereza, leta zunze ubumwe z’Abarabu n’ahandi hakunze kugaragara imanza z’ubucuruzi n’amahugu, abaturage babyo biyambaza cyane cyane uburyo bw’ubuhuza mu gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku bucuruzi.
Ubwo buryo ariko buba bwaremeranyijweho n’impande zombi zifitanye amasezerano, mbere y’uko ayo masezerano atangira, bikandikwa ko igihe hagaragaye amakimbirane hazitabazwa ubu buryo bwa ADR.
Ku bijyanye n’imanza z’ubucuruzi, abahisemo gukoresha ubu buryo akenshi birahenda cyane kwishyura umuhuza kuko hari n’abasaba ijanisha runaka ry’agaciro k’ikiburanwa. Akenshi ibihugu biba bifite abo bahuza babigize umwuga ku rwego ruhanitse, aho bashobora no gutega indege bakajya mu birwa byateye imbere ahari hoteli zikomeye kujya gukemurirayo ayo makimbirane.
Urwego rw’Abunzi rushyirwaho mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2004 rwari rugamije kunga abafitanye ibibazo mbere yuko bitabaza inkiko hagendewe ku itegeko ryarushyiragaho. Ugendeye kuri raporo zigaragaza ibipimo by’ubutabera mu Rwanda, uru rwego rwakomeje kugarukwaho ko ruswa iri imbere mu bituma rukora nabi.
U. M Louise
