Home Ubutabera Sobanukirwa itandukaniro ry’ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu

Sobanukirwa itandukaniro ry’ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasira inyokomuntu

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TOPSHOT - A Ukraine soldier inspects the rubble of a destroyed apartment building in Kyiv on March 15, 2022, after strikes on residential areas killed at least two people, Ukraine emergency services said as Russian troops intensified their attacks on the Ukrainian capital. - A series of powerful explosions rocked residential districts of Kyiv early today killing two people, just hours before talks between Ukraine and Russia were set to resume. (Photo by FADEL SENNA / AFP) (Photo by FADEL SENNA/AFP via Getty Images)

Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’intambara ni ibyaha bidasanzwe mu gihe cy’amakimbirane. Ibyo byaha byombi ubusanzwe bikomezwa n’imitwe irwana mu ntambara z’abaturage (civil war), cyangwa intambara z’ibihugu. Ibyaha by’intambara bibaho iyo habaye ukurenga kuri protocole yashyizweho n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga. Biteganijwe ko ibihugu byose byubahiriza amategeko n’amasezerano mu gufata neza abaturage n’imfungwa z’intambara mu gihe cy’intambara cyangwa amakimbirane. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu ni ibikorwa birimo gutesha agaciro cyangwa gusuzugura ikiremwamuntu. Ubusanzwe ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu bitegurwa na guverinoma z’igihugu mu rwego rwo gutera ubwoba cyangwa kurandura itsinda ry’abantu bari mu bubasha bwabo.

Itandukaniro hagati y’ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu

Ibyaha by’intambara, bishobora gukorwa mu gihe cy’intambara z’abaturage cyangwa mu ntambara z’ibihugu, birimo iyicwa ry’abasivili, gusahura, iyicarubozo, no kwimura abantu ku gahato. Ingingo ya 147 y’amasezerano y’i Jeneve igaragaza ko ibyo bikorwa ari ibyaha by’intambara iyo bikozwe mugihe cy’intambara. Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu bishobora gusobanurwa nko gutoteza nkana abaturage hashingiwe ku bintu nk’amoko, imyemerere ya politiki, umuco, cyangwa idini. Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, bikunze gukorwa n’abayobozi mu nzego za leta, byibanda ahanini ku bikorwa by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gutsemba, gufungwa, no kugira abantu abacakara.

N’ubwo ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi mu bihe by’amakimbirane bishobora gufatwa nk’ibyaha by’intambara mugihe bigeze ku murongo runaka, ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi ahantu hose bishobora gusobanurwa nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Urugero, niba abapolisi bahohoteye abantu bari mu myigaragambyo, ibyo bikorwa byabo ntibishobora gufatwa nk’ibyaha by’intambara. Icyakora, bashobora gushinjwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Ibyaha by’intambara bisobanura ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi bikozwe mu buryo bwagutse kuruta ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Ibyaha by’intambara bibaho mu gihe cy’amakimbirane iyo habaye kurenga ku mategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu, ndetse n’imigenzo gakondo ifatwa nk’inshingano zemewe n’amategeko. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cy’icyaha gishobora kuba icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu iyo cyibasiye itsinda runaka hashingiwe ku itandukaniro rya politiki, igitsina, ubwoko cyangwa idini.

Ibyaha by’intambara bishobora gukorwa nk’igikorwa rusange cy’abasirikare, cyangwa umusirikare ku giti cye. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu akenshi biba bishyigikiwe na leta. Niba guverinoma y’igihugu ifashe icyemezo cyo kwibasira idini runaka, nk’urugero, ishobora gushyiraho amabwiriza abuza gukurikiza imigenzo yihariye yiryo dini. Leta ishobora kandi gukangurira abandi baturage kurwanya abayoboke b’idini ryibasiwe. Abanyapolitike bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bakunze gushinjwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu iyo hari ibikorwa byo gukuraho ubwoko runaka kuko aribo bashinzwe gushyiraho politiki ishyigikira ibyo bikorwa.

Habaho ipfunwe rikomeye ku byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu kuruta ibyaha by’intambara. Urugero, Abadage benshi bakiri bato n’abari mu myaka iringaniye ntibemera Jenoside yakorewe abayahudi n’ubwo baterwa ipfunwe nayo kandi yarabaye bataravuka. N’ubwo aba bafite ipfunwe ry’ibyakozwe bataravuka ariko ibyaha by’intambara byakozwe n’ingabo zitandukanye  mu bihgu bitandukanye igihe iyi Jenoside yabaga byose byaribagiranye.

Icy’ingenzi, itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’intambara bifitanye isano n’ibihe ibyo byaha byombi byakorewe. Ibyaha by’intambara binyuranyije n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga agenga uburenganzira bwa muntu bugomba kubahirizwa mu gihe cy’intambara. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, ni ibyaha bikorerwa amatsinda y’abantu hashingiwe ku idini, ubwoko, itandukaniro rya politiki, no ku gitsina.

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