Afurika ikeneye abayobozi nka Robert Mugabe, batavugirwamo n’ubonetse wese, bihagararaho, kandi biyubashye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Nta perezida w’umunyafurika uzabaho atitwa umunyagitugu icyo yakora cyose, kandi nthazagire uwibeshya ko azigera abura abamurwanya, baba bafite ishingiro cyangwa batarifite, kubera ko intebe y’umukuru w’igihugu izahora irwanirwa iteka n’iteka
Robert Mugabo siwe wishe igihugu, ubukene bugaragara no guta agaciro k’ifaranga byatewe n’umujinya abazungu bamugiriye nyuma yo kubrukana no kubambura ibikingi bari barikubiye nao bamuhimisha kumukomatanyiriza muri bene wabo bituma ighugu gisubira hasi
Ibivugwa ko Robert Mugabe yari yarikwijeho imitungo nta shingiro kubera ko perezida ukennye ntiyanayobora burya, ugomba kuba ufite ubuzima bwiza kandi bujyanye n’igihe, ni nabyo bituma icyubahiro cyawe kigumaho, kandi kuba perezida muri Afurika niyo bisinesi ya mbere ikomeye kandi yunguka, hazagire uduha urugero rwa perezida ukennye tumunyomoze.
Abaturage bashobora kumwifuza aramutse ajugunywe nk’uko byabaye kuri Gaddafi wa Libye, uretse ko abayobozi bamusimbuye nabo bazi neza ko batakora ikosa ryo kumujugunya nk’imwe kuko icyo baricyo niwe wakibagize.
Umugore wa Robert Mugabe ari mu bamutobeye kuko ntiyigeze akora uko ashoboye ngo yikundishe ku banyagihugu kandi byari guha izindi mbaraga zirenge umugabo we. Robert ni naryo kosa yakoze kuko yarabibonaga akinumira kandi yumvaga ko nta kizamubuza gukomeza kugeza apfuye.
Mu banyapolitiki bo mu Rwanda Senateri Tito Rutaremara nawe ntiyigeze yishimira uburyo Robert ugabe yashywizweho igitutu n’igisirikari ngo yegure, kuko ngo nta kosa yakoze mu kuba yavanaho bamwe mu myanya kandi itegeko ribimuhera ububasha. Ibyo yabitangarije mu kiganiro “Isi ya none gita kuri Radiyo Rwanda”
Ibi ni ibitekererzo byavuye mu biganiro ikinyamakuru Intego cyagiranye na bamwe mu banyarwanda batandukanye, aho benshi bemezaga ko Robert Mugabe nubwo Atari agishoboye kuyobora kubera imyaka, ngo ariko yabaye umugabo kandi Afurika ikwiye guhora imwibuka nk’umugabo w’igihangange.
Amateka ya Robert Mugabe mu nshamake
Yavutse ku wa 21 Gashyantare 1924, ahitwa Kutama Mission, mu Karere ka Zvimba mu Majyepfo y’icyahoze ari Rhodesie y’Epfo mu gihe cy’abakoloni b’Abongereza. Rodhesie ni ryo zina ryaje guhinduka Zimbabwe mu gihe cy’ubwigenge.
Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye Mugabe yahise abona akazi ko kwigisha aho yahembwaga ama-pound abiri ku kwezi maze atangira gutera inkunga umuryango we.
Mu mwaka wa 1945 ubwo Mugabe yari mu mwuga wo kwigisha yaje kubona amahirwe yo kwiga muri Fort Hare University, iyi Kaminuza ikaba yari iherereye mu Mujyi wa Capetown muri Afurika y’Epfo, aho yatangiriye gukurikirana impinduramatwara z’impirimbanyi zaharaniraga kwibohora ingoma ya ba gashakabuhake [Apartheid], bategekaga iki gihugu muri icyo gihe.
Muri iyo Kaminuza, Mugabe yahise yiyunga ku nsoresore zari mu Ishyaka ANC (African National Congress) ryayoborwaga na Nelson Mandela.
Mugabe asoje amasomo ye, yasubiye muri Rodhesia y’Epfo kujya kwigisha ariko arebana ay’ingwe n’abazungu bakolonizaga igihugu cye.
Mugabe ngo kuba yarabonaga igihugu cye kikiri mu bukoloni byamuriye mu mutwe kugeza aho yiyemeje kwigira muri Ghana, akajya kureba uko abandi babonye ubwigenge babayeho.
Yaje kubona akazi ko kwigisha muri Ghana. Ngo yahoranaga ku mutima kuzakabya inzozi nk’iza Kwame Nkrumah wagejeje ubwigenge kuri Ghana. Muri iki gihugu kandi ni naho Mugabe yahuriye n’uwo bashakanye bwa mbere, Sally Hayfron.
Mu gihe Ishyaka ANC ryo muri Afurika y’Epfo n’inyigisho zaganishaga ku kwamagana abakoloni muri Afurika zari zirimbanije mu bihugu byinshi. Nguko uko uwitwa Joshua Nkomo wari umunya Rhodesie y’Amajyepfo yashinze ishyaka, aryita Southern Rodhesia African National Congress.
Iryo shyaka ariko ryahise rikubitwa inshuro n’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni burarihagarika. Joshua Nkomo ntiyacitse intege kuko yahise ashinga irindi shyaka aryita National Democratic Party. Iri ryo Robert Mugabe yahise anatorerwa kuribera Umunyamabanga n’Umuvugizi. Naryo ntiryateye kabiri abazungu bararihagarika.
Joshua Nkomo yakomeje guhirimbana, bisoza ashyizeho irindi shyaka maze aryita ZAPU (The Zimbabwe African People’s Union). Mu 1961 Mugabe yaribereye Umunyamabanga mukuru. Mu myaka ibiri yakurikiyeho ZAPU nayo abazungu barayamaganye baranayihagarika.
Joshua Nkomo yaje gucika intege ajya muri Tanzania gutakambira Mwalimu Julius Nyerere ngo areke ZAPU ikorere Dar es Salaam, ihashingire Leta ikorera mu buhungiro.
Mugabe n’abandi barabyanze, Nyerere ahitamo kubagira inama yo gushinga umutwe w’inyeshyamba kandi ukajya kurwanira iwabo. Mugabe n’abandi bari kumwe na Joshua Nkomo, bipakurura igitekerezo cya Nkomo bashinga ishyaka rishya baryita Zimbabwe African National Union ariyo ZANU, Mugabe agirwa Umunyamabanga mukuru ariko adahari kuko icyo gihe yakoreraga muri Ghana.
Kuva ubwo Mugabe na Joshua Nkomo n’amashyaka yabo bibyara amahari, ZAPU iba itakaje imbaraga, ZANU itangira kwiyubaka ariko badacana uwaka.
Nyuma yo gufungwa hafi imyaka 12 muri gereza zitandukanye, Robert Mugabe yigiriye inama yo kujya muri Mozambique kureba Perezida wayo, Samora Machel ashaka ko ishami rya gisirikare rya ZANU ryitwaga ZANLA [ Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army] rigira ubuyobozi bukaze kandi buhamye.
Ku ikubitiro inyeshyamba zahabwaga imyitozo na Tanzania na Mozambique mu gihe u Bushinwa bwazigeneraga intwaro zose zarwanishaga. Muri icyo gihe abasore bagera ku 1000 bambutse umupaka wa Zambia, bacengera amashyamba ya Rodhesie y’Epfo, maze batesha umutwe ingabo za Leta ya Ian Smith wari umutegetsi w’umukoloni muri icyo gihugu.
Ahagana mu 1975 nibwo imirwano ikaze yanzitse. Bivugwa ko iyo ntambara yaba yarahitanye abasaga 30.000 ku mpande zombi.
Mu 1979 ubwo intambara zabicaga bigacika, Robert Mugabe yatumiwe i Londres mu Bwongereza mu nama yo kureba uko igihugu cyava mu kangaratete cyari kirimo. Ubwa mbere yabanje kwanga ariko nyuma aza kwisubiraho ajyayo.
Robert Mugabe yageze Londrès muri Nzeri 1979 ahahurira na Joshua Nkomo bari basangiye icyifuzo kuva kera ariko Nkomo we akitwara nk’umuntu udashaka gukabya ibintu byo gusaba ubwigenge mu gihe Mugabe we yagenderaga ku matwara akaze.
Mu byaganirwaga byose, u Bwongereza bwafataga Mugabe nk’uhagarariye igice kinini cy’abaturage bityo ijwi rye rikaba ryarahabwaga agaciro cyane ko ari na we wari ufite inyeshyamba zari zarariye karungu mu ntambara yo guharanira kwigenga.
Kuva ubwo Mugabe avuye Londres yahise ashimangira imigabo ya ZANU, yongeraho amagambo abiri ariyo Patriotic Front, guhera ubwo iba ZANU PF mu rwego rwo kuyitandukanya na ZAPU ya Joshua yari yarakomeje kugenda agoragoza. Mugabe yagiraga ngo mu matora abaturage bazamenye ko bitandukanye batazibeshya ku mazina y’ayo mashyaka.
Mu bihe bitandukanye byo gutegura amatora, Robert Mugabe yateguriwe umugambi wo kwicwa ubwo yiyamamazarizaga kuyobora Leta y’inzibacyuho. Yatezwe ibisasu inshuro ebyiri ariko ararusimbuka.
Muri ayo matora yo muri Gashyantare 1980, Ishyaka ZANU PF ryabonye amajwi 63%, hamwe n’intebe 57 kuri 80 zari zigize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko. Mugabe yahise aba Minisitiri w’Intebe.
Nyuma yo kwihuza kwa ZANU PF na ZAPU mu 1987, Mugabe yagizwe Perezida wa Zimbabwe, Joshua Nkomo aba Visi Perezida.
Mu myaka 37 Mugabe yahuye n’ibyiza ndetse n’ibibi, uwafatwaga nk’intwari yaharaniye ubwigenge yaje kwangwa n’abazungu ndetse imidari yagiye ahabwa arayamburwa.
Yafatiwe ibihano n’ibihugu by’i Burayi kubera kwirukana abazungu, ubukungu mu gihugu burazamba. Robert Mugabe yavuye ku butegetsi bamwe bakimufata nk’intwari yaharaniye ubwigenge abandi bamufata nk’umusaza w’umunyagitugu washyize igihugu mu manga.
Robert Mugabe mu bwana bwe, yakuranye ikinyabupfura gihambaye n’ubwenge mu ishuri yakomoraga ku Bafurere b’Abayezuwiti bamwigishije. Akiri muto ntiyigeze akunda gukina n’abandi bana ndetse n’abo bavukanaga uko ari batandatu ntiyabiyegerezaga kuko ngo yihoreraga mu bitabo asubira mu masomo.
Ady Ange
