By Kubwimana Jean Claude
Icyorezo cya Covid-19, cyateye ibibazo binyuranye mu nguni zose z’ubuzima ku isi, kidasize ku bijyanye n’ubukungu. Mukurwanya ikwirakwira ry’iki cyorezo, ibihugu byinshikuisi, harimon’u Rwanda, byafasheingambazinyuranye, harimoiyogusabaabaturagekudasohoka mu ngozabo, gahundayiswe “Guma mu Rugo”.
Kuva mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Werurwe 2020 kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi 2020, hagiyeho gahunda ya guma mu rugo mu Rwanda hose. Ibi byatumye hari benshi bahagarara kumirimo bari basanzwe bakora ibinjiriza amafaranga, ibigo byinshi byirukana abakozi babyo, kuko byari byagize ihungabana mu bukungu bwabyo. Abakozi bo mu rugo, ni bamwe mu bahuye n’ingaruka zikomeye mu kazi kabo, benshi bakanarenganywa, ariko ntibagane inzego zinyuranye z’ubutabera kugira ngo barenganurwe, dore ko akazi bakora, hari abatekereza ko katagira amategeko akagenga.
Bamwe mu bakozi, bagiye birukanwa ntanteguza, ntamushahara bahawe, abandi bagakatwa imishahara yabo, ndetse abandi baguma mu kazi ariko bakora bazi neza ko ntagihembo bazahabwa.
Kamaliza Jeanne (izinatwamuhaye), yari umukozi wo mu rugo mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Gisozi, mu kiganiro n’ikinyamakuru Intego yagize ati: ‘’Umunsi guma mu rugo yatangiye, umukoresha wanjye yambwiye ko nawe akazi kahagaze atazabona amafaranga yo kungaburira no kumpemba. Yahise ansaba kuva mu rugorwe, ntaha iwacu I Shyorongi n’amaguru, atampaye n’amafaranga nari maze gukorera angana n’ibihumbi 30 by’amezi 3. Nabuze aho nagana ngo bandenganure, kuko nabonaga ari umuntu ukomeye, ntaho najya ngo banyumve”. Kamaliza, kuri ubu yahisemo guhita ashaka umugabo wamwizezaga kuza mufasha, gusa ngo nyuma yo kumenyako atwite umugabo yaramutaye, akaba ashakisha ahoyakora akazi mbere y’uko abyara, kugira ngo azabone amafaranga yo kuzagura imyambaro y’umwana.
Mu bihebya Covid 19, hari abandi bakozi bo mu rugo babwiwe ko icyitwa guhemba bakibagirwa, kuko n’abakoresha babo batari mu kazi. Kanani d’Amour agira ati “Ubu n’ubwo ubona ndi mu kazi sinzahembwa, barabimbwiye. Ndetse n’ubu twasubiye muri guma mu rugo ya 2, bandimo ideni ry’amezi 8. Ntaho najya nsize amafaranga yanjye, ariko nta cyizere cy’uko nzishyurwa. Icyo bampa ni icyo kurya n’aho ndyama, ntakindi nkorera”. Avuga ko azi ko ari akarengane akorerwa, dore ko avuga ko umukoresha we ari umuganga, kandi ko atigeze ahagarara ku kazi ke. Ngo aramutse abonye aho yagana akarenganurwa yajyayo.
Uwamahoro Jackson, Perezida wa Syndicat y’abakozi bo mu rugo, avuga ko koko hari abakozi bo mu ngo bagiye bahura n’ibibazo byo kwirukanwa mu kazi, bitewe n’uko abakoresha babona bo akazi kari kahagaze. Gusa, abagiye birukanwa hatubahirijwe amategeko, nko kwimwa umushahara wabo, baganiraga n’umukoresha, aho bibaye ngombwa hakitabazwa inzego z’ubuyobozi ariko umukozi akarenganurwa. Yagize ati “muri Syndicat yacu, abakozi batubwiraga ko bavuye ku kazi, ariko abasezererwaga badahembwe, twarabafashaga nka syndicat tukabaha itike ibageza iwabo, ariko tukanakurikirana ikibazo cyabo, kugira ngo bahabwe igihembo cyabo”.
Avuga ko abakozi bo mu ngo, bajya bitabira gukorera muri za syndicat, kuko zibafasha mu gihe bagize ibibazo bibasaba kwitabaza inzego z’ubutabera.
Ese akazi ko mu rugo kagengwa n’itegeko ry’umurimo mu Rwanda?
N’ubwo benshi bibwira ko abakozi bo mu rugo batagengwa n’itegeko ry’umurimo, siko bimeze. Abakozi bo mu rugo babarirwa muri “informal sector”, aha habarizwa abantu bakora akazi gasa n’aho idafite sitati y’umwimerere igenga abakozi. Aha ni ho habarizwa na ba nyakabyizi.
Me Steven SalimGatali, umunyamategeko, avuga ko abakozi bo mu rugo nabo baba bafite amasezerano y’akazi, n’ubwo benshi aba atanditse aba agomba kubahirizwa. Yagize ati “ibyo umukozi yumvikanye n’umukoresha bigomba kubahirizwa. Umukozi akamenya akazi agomba gukora umukoresha akamenya ko agomba kumuhemba amafaranga bumvikanye”. Iyo umwe atubahirije inshingano ze, aba agiye hirya y’itegeko.
Me Steven, akomeza avuga ko umukozi atagomba kwirukanwa atategujwe, kuko aba agomba kwitegura guhindura ubuzima bwe. Ati: “n’ubwo itegeko ridasonbanura iminsi y’integuza kuri aba bakozi, ariko agomba guhabwa nibura umunsi umwe wo kubanza kwitegura kujya ahandi cyangwa gutaha”.
Avuga ko ibijyanye no gukata umushahara, ari ugusubiramo amasezerano, umukozi akabanza kubyumvikanaho n’umukoresha, akabyemera cyangwa akabihana.
Ibi byose iyo bitubahirijwe haba habayeho kwica itegeko.
Muri iki gihe cya Covid 19, bamwe mu bakoresha bagiye barenga ku mategeko, bagafatirana abakozi babo bitewe n’ibihe barimo, bakarenga ku mategeko, abakozi bakabyemera kuko ntakundi cyangwa ahandi bari kubasha kujya.
Umukoziwarengayeyitabazauruherwego?
Me Steven, avuga ko buri muntu wese, urwego rwose yaba arimo, mu gihe arenganye, haba hari urwego rwashyizweho rugomba kumurenganura. Avuga ko abakozi bo mu ngo, ibibazo by’akarengane mu kazi babihera mu nzego z’ibanze, nk’inzego z’abunzi bakabafasha gukemura ibibazo byabo. Gusa, ntibibuza ko iyo ikibazo cyabo kinaniwe gukemurirwa mu butabera bw’ibanze, bashobora no kwitabaza inkiko.
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ihungabanywa ry’uburenganzira bwabo, abakozibo mu ngo, bashishikarizwa kugana amashyirahamwe na za syndicats, zabarengera ariko nibura bafite aho babarizwa. Abakoresha nabo, bakumva ko uko bakeneye ko uburenganzira bwabo bwubahirizwa mu kazi kabo, ari nako bagomba kubahiriza ubw’abo bakoresha.
Iyi nkuru yatewe inkunga na IMS
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