Inyeshyamba zo muri Tigray ubu nizo zifite ijambo rinini mu ntambara imaze umwaka itangiriye mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia.
Abarwanyi ba Tigray ubu baravuga ko bafashe undi mujyi, Kemise, uri ku muhanda mugari muri 330Km mu majyaruguru ya Addis Ababa.
Minisitiri w’intebe Abiy Ahmed washwanye n’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi muri Tigray kubera impinduka yazanye, yatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe mu gihugu cyose – ubu ubwoba no kutamenya igikurikiraho biriganje hose.
Mu gihe ubu izo nyeshyamba ziri kwegera umurwa mukuru, leta yasabye abatuye Addis Ababa guhaguruka bakarengera umujyi wabo.
Abarwanyi bo muri Tigray, bayobowe na Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), bafashe imijyi ya Dessie na Kombolcha muri weekend ishize.
Aho ni ntara ya Amhara, ituranye na Tigray, muri 400Km uvuye ku murwa mukuru.
Urugamba rw’i Dessie bivugwa ko ari rumwe mu zabaye ishiraniro kurusha izindi muri iyi ntambara kuko uyu mujyi ari nk’amarembo ya Addis Ababa, mu majyepfo, n’umupaka na Djibouti mu burasirazuba.
Umugabo wakoraga mu bitaro bikuru by’i Dessie mbere y’uko ifatwa avuga ko uwo mujyi wahindutse mu kanya gato mu mezi macye ashize uko imirwano yagenda isatira ako gace.
Uyu utifuje gutangazwa, yabwiye BBC ko Dessie yari izwi nk’ ‘umurwa w’urukundo’ kubera kubamo abantu b’amoko menshi n’imico inyuranye – umujyi wariho utera imbere byihuse.
Ariko mu mezi macye ashize, abantu ibihumbi bawisutsemo, bahunga inyeshyamba zariho zimanuka.
Ati: “Njya cyangwa mva ku kazi, abana bato bankururaga ipantaro banyinginga ngo mbahe amafaranga yo kugura umugati.”
We n’abandi bantu 10 bakoranaga bavuye muri ibi bitaro ubwo bari babonye ingabo za leta zivuye muri Dessie.
Ubu ari i Addis Ababa, aho Tewodrose Hailemariam, umukuru mu ishyaka National Movement of Amhara (NaMA), ari gukangurira abantu kohereza abasore kujya guhagarika abarwanyi ba TPLF barimo kubasatira.
Avuga ko ishyaka rye ribona ko ibyo TPLF yifuza nta kindi ari ugusubira ku butegetsi.
TPLF yategetse imyaka 27 kugeza mu 2018 – ivanwaho n’imyigaragambyo maze abayigize bashyirwa ku ruhande na guverinoma ya Abiy.
Tewodrose yabwiye BBC ati: “Hari inzira ebyiri gusa – ni ugutsinda TPLF leta nkuru ya Ethiopia ikarengerwa. Cyangwa se ibibi cyane TPLF igafata ubutegetsi ikagenzura Addis Ababa maze hakabaho intambara mu gihugu cyose.”
‘Kurundanya’ aba-Tigray bagafungwa
Ku banya-Tigray bari i Addis Ababa, gufatwa kwa Dessie kwazamuye ibibazo by’amoko mu murwa mukuru.
Umunyamategeko w’umu-Tigray uba i Addis Ababa avuga ko utakiri “umujyi navukiyemo nkakuriramo”.
Uyu mugore avuga ko polisi imaze igihe irundanya igafunga aba-Tigray ibasanze mu ngo zabo, cyangwa ibafatiye ku mihanda muri za taxi.
Muri iki cyumweru, BBC yabwiwe iby’itsinda ry’abantu bakomoka muri Tigray bafashwe bari gusangira muri restaurant bagafungwa.
Umwe mu batuye Addis Abeba ati: “Niba uri uwo muri Tigray ntacyo uvuze. Urafungwa. Ufungwa mu izina ry’ubwoko.”
Umuvugizi wa polisi i Addis avuga ko abantu bafashwe nyuma y’ibimenyetso ko bakora ibikorwa bitemewe.
Yemeje ko benshi mu bafashwe bakomoka muri Tigray ariko ko hari n’abo mu yandi moko bafashwe.
Inyeshyamba za Tigray zivuga ko zigamije gutuma leta ifungura akato yashyize ku karere ka Tigray, ahakenewe imfashanyo, amashanyarazi na serivisi za banki zafunzwe.
Kuva mu kwezi kwa gatanu Umuryango w’Abibumbye waburiye ko abantu bagera ku 400,000 bugarijwe n’inzara aho hantu.
Nyuma y’uko mu kwa gatandatu inyeshyamba za TPLF zirukaniye ingabo za leta mu mujyi wa Mekelle, umurwa mukuru wa Tigray, imiryango ifasha ivuga ko ihagarikwa mu mihanda igana muri ako gace, mu gihe ingorane zashyizweho zo kubona ibitoro by’imodoka n’amafaranga byatumye ibikorwa byo kugeza ubufasha ku bantu miliyoni eshanu babukeneye bigorana.
Mbere hari habonetse uburyo bwo kuganira hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Abiy na TPLF, ariko kuva mu mezi macye ashize izi nyeshyamba zafata ibice bya Amhara na Afar, ubu zivuga ko nta biganiro zikeneye.
Tsadkan Gebretensae, wahoze ari jenerali mu ngabo ubu akaba mu bakuru b’inyeshyamba za Tigray, yavuze ko intambara igiye kurangira ikizakurikirwa n’ibiganiro mu gihugu byo kwiga igihe cya nyuma ya Abiy.
Yabwiye Tigrai Television ati: “Nta na rimwe twifuje kurangiza ibibazo by’urusobe bya politiki y’iki gihugu mu buryo tubyifuza gusa. Tuzashyiraho urubuga ruhuza abo bireba bose baganire ahazaza h’igihugu.”
Agahinda k’ababyeyi
Ibibazo by’ubuzima bw’abaturage muri Tigray biracyakomeye cyane – nk’uko bigaragara mu mashusho ava mu bitaro bikuru by’umujyi wa Mekelle aho amarira y’umwana w’umwaka umwe Eden Gebretsadiq, yumvikana mu birongozi by’ibitaro.
Nyina w’uwo mwana ugaburirwa biciye mu gahombo kinjira mu mubiri, nawe arira ari nako ahoza umwana ati: “Mbere sinari nzi ko byatewe n’inzara. Ubu bambwiye ko afite ikibazo cy’imirire.
“Umugabo wanjye yari afite akazi – njyewe nkita ku bana mu rugo. Abana bacu bari bameze neza. Babonaga ibiryo byiza kandi bambaraga neza.”
Ku kindi gitanga hari Mebrhit Giday, ingingo ze zirananutse bikomeye, iruhande rwe se Gidey Meresa aramwegura ngo amuhe umuneke.
Avuga ko bagenze kilometero zirenga 100 ngo bagere kuri ibi bitaro bavuye iwabo mu cyaro cya Kola Tembien, ahabereye imirwano ikomeye hagati y’ingabo za leta n’iza Tigray.
Byabaye ngombwa ko abaturage benshi bahunga aho bari batuye mu misozi. Ubwo bari bahungutse nyuma y’uko ingabo za leta zihavanywe, basanze inzu zabo zaratwitswe n’amatungo yabo yarasahuwe.
Gidey Meresa ati: “Ibyo byose byarabaye, kandi twarabyakiriye. Ariko umukobwa wanjye yararwaye araremba – mbere yari umwana ukomeye.” Abaganga bamubwiye ko umukobwa we w’imyaka 11 afite ibibazo by’umutima, bishobora kuba byaravuye ku nzara.
Aya ni amwe mu majwi macye cyane ava muri Tigray – bamwe mu bakozi b’ibitaro babashije kugeza kuri BBC.
Gufunga itumanaho na internet bivuze ko bigoye cyane kuvugana n’abantu bari yo. BBC, kimwe n’ibindi bitangazamakuru, byangiwe kugera muri ako gace.
Gukanga leta ntacyo byagezeho
Mu minsi ishize ubwo Peter Maurer umukuru wa Croix Rouge ku isi yasuraga Ethiopia ntiyabashije kugera mu bice birimo intambara.
Yabwiye BBC ati: “Kugeza ubu nta herezo ryiza ry’ibi tubona.
“Byaba ari byiza intambara irangiye vuba, ariko ntitwibeshye, nubwo intambara yarangira ejo, tuzaba tugifite abantu ibihumbi amagana bavuye mu byabo bakeneye ibintu byinshi cyane.”
Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Amerika, Ubumwe bwa Africa bose bakomeje gusaba ko haba ibiganiro.
Amerika yakangishije leta ya Addis Ababa kuvana Ethiopia mu masezerano akomeye y’ubucuruzi ariko ntacyo byagezeho mu guhindira ibintu.
William Davison, umusesenguzi wo muri International Crisis Group, yibaza ko byaba biri mu nyungu za leta ya Abiy kugira ibyo irekura – igafungura amayira yageza imfashanyo kuri Tigray ikanafungura serivisi z’ingenzi zafungiwe ako karere.
Yabwiye BBC ati: “Umuryango mpuzamahanga wanasaba abategeka Tigray nabo kugira ibyo bareka, kuko kwihutira gufata Addis bishobora kuganisha ku bintu bibi kurushaho kuri buri wese.”
Ariko Abiy Ahmed wahawe igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 2019 kubera kurangiza intambara na Eritrea, ntaboneka nk’umuntu ushaka ubwumvikane.
Mu gihe hashize umwaka umwe iyi ntambara itangiye, uyu mugabo w’imyaka 45 yakomeje gusaba abaturage kujya ku rugamba cyangwa kurushyigikira.
Mu ijambo rye ku mwaka umwe ushize iyi ntambara itangiye yagize ati: “Tuzahamba uyu mwanzi mu maraso n’amagufa yacu dusubize hejuru ikuzo rya Ethiopia.”
