Mu Rwanda, ubuhinzi ni inkingi ikomeye y’ubukungu, aho burimo abaturage hafi 65% , imibare itangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare, igaragaza ko mu gihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka wa 2025, ubukungu bw’Rwanda bwakomeje kwiyongera, aho umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wageze kuri miliyari 6,788 Frw, uvuye kuri miliyari 5,780 Frw mu gihembwe nk’iki cya 2024.
Serivisi ziyoboye ubukungu ku kigero cya 51%, zikurikirwa n’ubuhinzi bufite uruhare rwa 22-27%, mu gihe inganda zifite 21%. Nubwo ubuhinzi buza ku mwanya wa kabiri, bukomeje kuba inkingi ikomeye mu gutunga Abanyarwanda benshi no gushyigikira izindi nzego z’ubukungu.
Muri iki gihembwe, ubukungu bwazamutseho 11.2%, bituma umwaka wa 2025 urangira ubukungu bwiyongereyeho 9.4%.
Ku rwego rw’izamuka mu byiciro, inganda ziyongereye cyane ku kigero cya 16%, mu gihe ubuhinzi na serivisi byazamutse ku kigero cya 8% buri kimwe.
Ukurikije abaturage batunzwe n’ubuhinzi mu Rwanda, bituma leta yibanda gushyira imbara cyane muri iki gisate cy’ubuzima, ndetse n’imiryango itari iya leta igamije gufasha abaturage nayo yibanda kuri iyi segiteri.
Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro no guhangana n’ibibazo birimo igabanuka ry’ubutaka buhingwa, ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’igabanuka ry’umusaruro, Leta yashyizeho politiki zitandukanye zirimo iy’ibyanya bigega by’ibiryo, Food Basket Sites (FOBASI), igamije guhuza ubutaka bugahingwa mu buryo butanga umusaruro wikubye inshuro nyinshi kandi bikorwa mu buryo bugezweho.
Iyi gahunda igamije guteza imbere ibyanya bigega by’ibiribwa, aho abahinzi bahabwa inyongeramusaruro n’ubujyanama mu buhinzi kugira ngo umusaruro wikube inshuro nyinshi.
Ariko nubwo iyi gahunda igaragazwa nk’igisubizo ku bibazo by’ubuhinzi, abahinzi n’abasesenguzi bavuga ko hari imbogamizi zikomeye zikibangamira umusaruro, cyane cyane mu turere twa Gatsibo, Nyamagabe na Nyaruguru, aho umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta CCOAIB wakoze inyigo ku mikorere y’izi gahunda.
Inyongeramusaruro zihenda zikanakererwa
Bimwe mu bibazo byagaragajwe cyane ni ubukererwe bw’inyongeramusaruro zirimo ifumbire, imbuto n’imiti yica ibyonnyi.
Abahinzi bo mu karere ka Nyaruguru bavuga ko hari igihe igihembwe cy’ihinga gitangira inyongeramusaruro zitaragera ku masoko, bigatuma bahinga batinze cyangwa bagakoresha izidakwiriye.
Aba bahinzi muri aka karere banenga igiciro cya ifumbire bavuga ko kiri hejuru ndetse n’ubukererwe mu kuyigeza ku bahinzi, ibintu bavuga ko bishobora kugabanya umusaruro w’ibihingwa
Madamu Thereza Uwamurera Umuhinzi wo muri aka karere yagize ati “.abashinzwe kutugeza ho inyongeramusaruro Agrodealers….. bazigurisha mu bacuruzi basanzwe twebwe twajya kuzigura bakaziduhera ku giciro cyo hejuru, kandi Leta yaratanze nkunganire, bituma bamwe tuyabura tukabyihorera, bigatuma umusaruro utiyongera”
Smart Nkunganire: ikoranabuhanga ritagerwaho na bose
Ikindi kibazo ni gahunda ya Smart Nkunganire, igamije gufasha abahinzi kubona inyongeramusaruro ku nkunga ya Leta hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.
Abahinzi bavuga ko iyi gahunda ifite akamaro mu kugenzura imikoreshereze y’inkunga ya Leta, ariko hari abaturage itorohereza.
Consolee Uwamahoro utuye mu karere ka Gatsibo Umurenge wa Ngarama yatubwiye ko kwiyandikisha muri sisitemu bigoye, cyane cyane ku bahinzi badafite ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga cyangwa badafite telefoni.
Iki kibazo cyagarutsweho na Agro dealers, bavuga ko ikibazo ari uko abahinzi biyandikisha batinze, bigatuma nabo batinda kuzana inyongeramusaruro kubera ko baba bagomba kuzishakira icyarimwe inyongeramusaruro zose bakeneye, bigatuma izo zitumizwa icyarimwe mu gihe
Ubutaka bw’ibishanga n’ababuturiye
Mu karere ka Nyamagabe, ubuyobozi bwafashe icyemezo cyo kwaka ubutaka bwo mu bishanga ababuhingaga batabuturiye, nyuma y’uko bigaragaye ko iyo mihingire idafasha abaturage bahatuye gutera imbere.
Abaturage bavuga ko hari aho usanga ubutaka bw’ibishanga buhingwa n’abantu baturuka kure nk’I Kigali n’ahandi, bigatuma abahatuye batungukira ku musaruro wabwo. Vice Mayor ushinzwe ubukungu mu karere ka Nyamagabe bwana Habimana Thaddee yagize ati “Abaturage baturiye ibishanga kandi bakennye nibo bagomba kubihinga bakabibyaza umusaruro kugira ngo iyi gahunda y’umusaruro wikubye FOBASI igere kuri bose, ababihinga batabituriye bagomba kuvamo” naho ushinzwe ubukungu mu karere ka Nyaruguru Dr Murwanashyaka Emmanuel we avuga ko abaturage bagomba kumenya kwishakamo ibisubizo nyuma y’uko Leta iba yakoze ibishoboka ngo iby’ibanze bibagereho. Bityo bakaba bagomba gufata iya mbere mu guhangana n’ibibazo bafatanyije nk’abaturage bashaka iterambere.
Ubumenyi buke ku ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro
Mu karere ka Gatsibo, abahinzi bavuga ko hakenewe ubukangurambaga ku ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro.
Hari abavuga ko batazi neza ingano y’ifumbire bagomba gukoresha cyangwa imiti yica ibyonnyi ikwiriye ku gihingwa runaka nk’uko byagarutsweho na Madamu Manirakiza Josianne agronome ukurikirana buri munsi iby’ubuhinzi. Yanavuze ko hari icyuho hagati y’umuhinzi, umujyanama mu buhizi na agronomme bituma badahuza amakuru ku buryo bufasha bose kugera ku musaruro ukwiye
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye bitewe n’aho buherereye, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko habaho inama zihariye ku gihingwa n’ifumbire ikwiriye buri hantu. Bemeza ko imbuto n’inyongeramusaruro muri rusange bikoreshwa hose kandi kimwe mu turere dutandukanye
Inyigo ya CCOAIB igaragaza ibibazo by’ingutu
Inyigo yakozwe na CCOAIB ku byanya bigega by’ibiribwa mu turere twa Gatsibo, Nyamagabe na Nyaruguru yagaragaje ko hari ibibazo byinshi bikibangamira umusaruro w’ubuhinzi.
Iyo nyigo igaragaza ko Abahinzi benshi bafite ubumenyi buciriritse ku buhinzi bugezweho, imashini z’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bitaragera ku bahinzi benshi, kubona inyongeramusaruro bigihenda kandi bikaba bike, ibikoresho byo kubika no kumisha umusaruro bidahagije (ubwanikiro n’ubuhunikiro).
Iyi nyigo yanagaragaje ko mu turere twinshi, abahinzi bagurisha umusaruro vuba nyuma yo gusarura kubera kubura aho bawubika, bigatuma bawugurisha ku giciro gito, ndetse hari n’abagurisha ibikiri mu murima.
FOBASI ishobora kuba igisubizo?
Gahunda ya FOBASI igamije guhuza ubutaka buhingwa, kongera ubujyanama mu buhinzi no gufasha abahinzi kubona inyongeramusaruro n’amasoko.
Abasesenguzi barimo umunyamakuru ukurikirana iby’ubuhinzi Bwana Albert Twizeyimana, bavuga ko iyi gahunda ishobora gufasha kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mu Rwanda, ariko bagasaba ko ibibazo by’imicungire y’inyongeramusaruro, imitegurire y’ihinga n’ubujyanama mu buhinzi byakemurwa mbere. Ibi kandi bishimangira na Jean Claude umunyamabanga nshingabikorwa wa CCOAIB yemeza ko n’ubwo harimo ibibazo cyane cyane kubura inyongeramusaruro harimo imbuto imiti irwanya ibyonnyi n’ifumbire, agira ati “imbuto zituburirwa mu Rwanda ntiziragera ku rwego rwo gutanga umusaruro nk’uwo iziva hanze zitanga, bivuze ko ikoranabuhanga riri hasi” ariko bishobora gukosorwa umusaruro ukaboneka.
Ku bahinzi bo, bavuga ko icy’ingenzi ari uko gahunda za Leta zibegera kurushaho, inyongeramusaruro zikabageraho ku gihe kandi ku giciro kiboroheye, kugira ngo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wiyongere nk’uko biteganywa na politiki y’igihugu. Dr Ndabamenye Telesphore Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi mu kiganiro yahaye itangazamakuru, yavuze ko iyi politiki yo kongera ibyanya bigega by’ibiryo mu buhinzi, ni gahunda yatekerejwe ishingiwe ku mpamvu ebyiri, birasa ko tuba dufite abahinzi bahinga kijyambere kandi hari ibyo kurya bihagije ndetse no kunoza gahunda y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka ari naho hazamo gukoresha neza inyongeramusaruro.
Ubuhinzi bugomba kuzamuhako buri mwaka 6% mu ngamba za NST2, nk’ingamba Leta y’uRwanda yihaye nyamara hari henshi bigoye ko igerwaho.
Abaturage bo mu turere dutandukanye bakomeje kugaragaza imbogamizi zirimo ikibazo cy’ubukererwe bw’inyongeramusaruro ku bahinzi, uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere ya Smart Nkunganire kugira ngo yorohereze abahinzi bose kuyikoresha, ikibazo cy’ubutaka butabyazwa umusaruro mu bishanga, kongera ubumenyi bw’abahinzi ku ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire n’imiti yica ibyonnyi ndetse abahanga mu buhinzi bo bakagaragaza ko nta buryo bugaragara Leta ipima niba amafaranga ashorwa mu buhinzi atanga umusaruro uteganyijwe.
