Igiciro cya kotegisi mu Rwanda kiracyari hejuru, ibyo bigatuma bamwe mu bagore n’abakobwa bahitamo kutayikoresha. Ingaruka z’ayo mahitamo n’umwanda ugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo.
Kotegisi isanzwe (Pad) ni igikoresho abagore bibinda igihe bari mu mihango y’ukwezi, mu Rwanda igura hagati y’amafaranga magana arindwi (700) n’igihumbi (1000).
Kubera icyo giciro kiri hejuru, bamwe mu bagore bahitamo kurekeraho cyangwa bakifashisha udutambaro, dukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi isuku yatwo ikaba ikemangwa, haba abatuye mu mijyi no mu byaro.
Mukakimenyi, ni umudamu ukiri muto, afite abana babiri, ariko ntabwo yigeze na rimwe akoresha Kotegisi, avuga ko bihenze. Ati ”mfite udutambaro nifashisha, cyakora nirinda gukora urugendo ngo amaraso adahinguka inyuma ku myenda.”
Mukamugema Verediyana, ku myaka 54 ntarabona ibyo bikoresho by’isuku byagenewe abagore mu gihe bari mu mihango y’ukwezi bizwi ku izina rya Cotex. Uyu mugore iyo ari mu kwezi yigumira iwe mu gikari igihe cy’icyumweru atagera aho abandi bari.
Amina we unatuye mu mujyi, avuga ko ibyo bikoresho yabikoreshaga akiri mu ishuri, ubu yasubiye ku dutambaro kuko ntaho yakura amafaranga yo kubigura. Ndetse avuga ko yishimagura mu gitsina igihe cy’imihango, Muganga akaba yaramubwiye ko biterwa n’isuku nke y’utwo dutambaro akoresha.
Ikibazo cyugarije isi yose
Mu mwaka wa 2017 Minisiteri y’uburezi mu Rwanda yasohoye Raporo igaragaza ko mu bice by’icyaro, abana b’abakobwa bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 16 kuzamura bata ishuri mu gihe bari mu mihango, ugereranyije n’abahungu kubera kubura ibikoresho by’isuku.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango RINDA UBUZIMA mu mwaka wa 2017, nawo wagaragaje ko imwe mu bituma abagore batekereza ko barwaye indwara zifata mu myanya ndangagitsina harimo umwanda, kudahindura imyenda y’imbere cyangwa kotegisi mu gihe bari mu mihango nk’uko byagarutsweho na Umulisa Marie Michelle, ukorera uwo muryango.
Urubuga Hindawi.com, rwagaragaje ko n’ubwo imihango ari karemano (naturel) ariko nyamara mu Buhinde ifatwa nk’umwanda ku bakobwa, udashobora kwihanganirwa. Bituma abakobwa benshi bahitamo kureka ishuri, kubera gutotezwa n’abarezi.
Urugero, Mu ishuri ry’abakobwa riri Tamil Nadu, mu Buhinde, umukobwa w’imyaka 12 yiyahuye bitewe nuko yakozwe n’isoni kubera imihango, ndetse agategekwa gutaha kubera ko imyenda yari yuzuye amaraso, nk’uko nyina umubyara yabivuze, yakoreshaga ibice by’imyenda mu kwirinda, ariko ku munsi ukurikiyeho agarutse mu ishuri ananirwa kwihanganira ibitutsi no gutotezwa na mwarimu, ahitamo kwiyahura nk’uko byatangajwe na BBC.
Urubuga we forum.org narwo ruvuga ko mu bihugu bya Asia, 71% by’abakobwa bamenya ibyerekeye imihango aruko bayigiyemo bwa mbere. Kandi ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango Plan international mu 2017 kuri iki kibazo, buvuga ko kimwe mu bidindiza umugore harimo iki kibazo.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu Bwongereza umukobwa umwe mu bakobwa 10 adashobora kwigurira ibikoresho by’isuku mu gihe ari mu mihango. Ngo abakobwa bakiri bato, baterwa ipfunwe n’imihango ndetse akenshi basiba ishuri kubera yo.
Kugura kotegisi abagabo ntibabikozwa
Ikinyamakuru Intego kifuje kumenya uko abagabo babona iki kibazo cyugarije isi. Hakizimana, umugabo ufite abana 5 n’umugore 1, we yatubwiye ko atagurira umugore we ikintu kigura amafaranga 1000. Ati “Nakongeraho nkagura ifu, umuryango wanjye ukarya” yarongeye agira ati “Ajye akoresha ibyahi nk’abandi”
Kaberuka nawe, avuga ko umugore agomba kwishakaho amafaranga y’iby’amabanga yabo, ndetse yemeza ko umugore atinyutse kubimubwira yaba yaramuhaye inzaratsi. Ngo cyakora aziko bihenze.
Kimwe n’abandi benshi twaganiriye, cyane cyane abatuye mu bice by’icyaro, bemeza ko umugore uri mu mihango yigumira mu rugo kuko aba ashobora kwiyanduza igihe ari mu bandi. Ku bakobwa bakiri mu ishuri, nabo basiba kwiga kugira ngo bagenzi babo batabibona.
Abagore bakuze ntibakozwa gukoresha kotegisi
Muri aba bantu twaganiriye, harimo abafite imyumvire y’umuco wa kera ko nta mugore wambara ikariso, bashingira ko bitera abagore kubabuka amayasha, abandi bavuga ko amakariso atuma bishimagura mu myanya ndangagitsina kandi kwibinda Kotegisi bisaba kwambara n’ikariso.
Odette Mukabera we abona ko impamvu, ari ibiciro bihanitse, ariko akongeraho ati “Ibi bigaruka mu mico y’abanyafurika benshi, aho umugore atambaraga imyenda y’imbere, ngo aho umugabo amushakiye bitamurushya.”
Abagore muri afurika bagura imisatsi bakabura Kotegisi
Ikinyamakuru smallstarter, kivuga ko imisatsi abagore bo muri Afurika batera ku mitwe yitwa Human Hair, ibatwaa amamiliyoni n’amamiliyoni y’amadolari, ndetse abakora iubwo bucuruzi bunguka miliyari byibuze 6 z’amadolari ku mwaka. Aho iki kinyamakuru cyemeza ko ushatse gukora ubucuruzi bwunguka vuba, imisatsi y’abagore iza mu myanya 10 y’imbere mu kwinjiza amadolari menshi.
Abagore muri Afurika basohora amafaranga menshi mu gukora imisatsi yabo, ariko bagataka ubukene no kubura ibikoresho by’ibanze nka Kotegisi, nyamara wabara amafaranga bakoresha ku mirimbo ugasanga ni menshi ku kwezi.
No mu Rwanda hari abagore twavuganye bakoresha udutambaro bakase ku myenda ishaje, mu gihe bari mu mihango y’ukwezi, nyamara ugasanga basutse imisatsi bivugira ko bishyura ibihumbi 15 ku kwezi.
Umusoro wakuweho, igiciro kirazamuka
Mu mwaka ushize, leta yakuyeho umusoro ku nyungu kuri ibyo bikoresho by’isuku bifasha abagore bari mu mihango, ariko aho kugira ngo igiciro kigabanuke, ahubwo kirazamuka.
Bisumbukuboko Jean, ushinzwe ubucuruzi no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa mu ruganda Safari Ltd avuga ko bigoye kugabanya igiciro cya kotegisi kuko n’ubwo bakuriweho imisoro, ibikoresho by’ibanze byose biva hanze, kandi ngo n’idorari ryarazamutse. Ati “Twe twakoze ibishoboka ngo tugabanure ibiciro ariko ikibazo cy’agaciro k’idorari nicyo gituma bizamuka cyane”
Gaudence Mukamurenzi, umuyobozi w’agateganyo ushinzwe ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu muri minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, ntiyemeranya n’uruganda Safari center Ltd ruvuga ko izamuka ry’idorari riri mu bituma ibiciro bya kotegisi bitagabanuka n’ubwo umusoro ku nyungu wakuweho. Ati” Twebwe uruganda nta kibazo cy’idorari batubwiye, nta rwitwazo kuko kuva igiciro cy’uruganda cyaragabanutse byakabaye bigira ingaruka no ku muguzi wa nyuma.”
Minicom ivuga ko aho kugira ngo igiciro kigabanuke ahubwo kiyongereye, kuko ubu hari aho usanga kotegisi zigura amafaranga y’u Rwanda 1200.
Coronavirus indi mpamvu itangwa na Safari Ltd
Mukamurenzi ukorera Minicom na Bisumbukuboko wa Safari Ltd bemeza ko n’ibura ry’ibikoresho by’ibanze ari ikibazo, kubera urugendo rurerure kugira ngo bigere mu Rwanda, ndetse n’ibibazo bya Coronavirus, ngo ubu bari gushakisha isoko ahandi bakura ibyo bikoresho.
Ariko isesengura ryacu, rigaragaza ko itegeko ryo gukuraho umusoro ryagiyeho mu Ugushyingo 2019, Coronavirus iza muri Gashyantare 2020, kandi icyo gihe cyose ntabwo igiciro kigeze kigabanuka ku isoko.
Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi ikurikirana iby’ibiciro, ivuga ko na kotegisi zituruka hanze zagabanutse, kubera ikibazo kiri mu Bushinwa. Ibyo byatumye umubare w’abaguzi ku isoko wiyongera cyane, bikagira ingaruka ku giciro. Ati “Igihe cyose igicuruzwa gikenewe kandi ari gike ku isoko, bituma igiciro kiyongera.”
Young Girl nk’Igisubizo gitangwa n’uruganda nayo igiciro kiri hejuru
N’ubwo uruganda ruvuga ko kotegisi yitwa Young girl nshya ihendutse, ariko imibare twakoze igaragaza ko atari byo kubera ko agapaki ka kotegisi isanzwe kagura amafaranga 600 karimo udukoresho 10 (10 pieces), kandi ifite ireme(quality) ku buryo wayambara amasaha menshi kurusha kotegisi (young girl) igura amafaranga 300 nyamara ushobora guhindura inshuro 3 kugera kuri 4 ku munsi.
Bivuze ngo Young Girl izasaba ko umukobwa akoresha udupaki tubiri kuzamura mu gihe cy’ukwezi kw’imihango, mu gihe kotegisi isanzwe ya supa uyiguze azakoresha agapaki kamwe, ishobora no gusaguka.
Kayumba Malick Umuyobozi w’ikigo gihinzwe itumanaho muri minisiteri y’Ubuzima (RHCC), tumubajije uko babona ibiciro bya kotegisi cyane ko aribo batanze ikifuzo cyo gukuraho imisoro nka Minisiteri y’ubuzima, avuga ko nubwo bishimiye icyemezo cyo kugabanya imisoro, ariko nta makuru bafite afatika ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’iri tegeko.
Ahandi mu karere
Igihugu cya Kenya ni cyo gihugu cya mbere cyakuyeho umusoro (tampon tax) mu mwaka wa 2005, haza gukurikiraho ibindi bihugu, kuko na Tanzania yakuyeho iyo misoro 2018, ariko igiciro n’ubundi ntabwo kigeze gihinduka.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, ubwo icyemezo cyasohokaga cyo kusonera umusoro ku nyungu kuri kotegisi, Madame Mukiga Annette, umwe mu bagore baharanira uburenganzira bwa bagenzi babo mu Rwanda, yabwiye AFP ko ari intambwe itewe, ariko bifuza kugera aho Kotegisi zizaboneka ku buntu.
Ubu ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hari ubukangurambaga, busaba abantu gutanga kotegisi zifasha abana b’abakobwa cyane cyane abari mu mashuri, iki gikorwa cyashyigikiwe cyane n’abagore batandukanye harimo n’umunyamakuru Fiona Mbabazi ukurikiranira hafi imibereho y’abana b’ababakobwa.
Ku bijyanye n’igiciro kitamanuka, we, abona hakiri kare ko ahubwo ari ugutegereza bakareba, kuko nta gihe kinini gishize, kotegisi zishyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibyakuriweho umusoro ku nyungu. Ati“hari abantu bari bafite stock zitararangira” cyakora nawe ashimangira ko intambwe Leta y’u Rwanda yateye kugira ngo bakureho iyo misoro ari iyo gushimwa, ariko bakazakomeza gukora ubuvugizi kugeza ubwo kotegisi izaboneka ku buntu.
M Louise Uwizeyimana
