Ibihugu bituwe n’abayisilamu benshi bikoresha amategeko asanzwe ariko bigashyiramo Sharia cyane nko mu itegeko rigenge umuryango. N’ubwo ibi bihugu bishyira sharia mu mategeko yabyo ibikoresha ibihano iteganya bizwi nka Hudu ni bike cyane. Ibi bihano n’abahanga mu idini ya Isilamu ntibabivugaho rumwe.
– Amategeko ya sharia ni iki? –
Shariya ni amategeko y’idini yakuwe mu gitabo gitagatifu cya Korowani no mu mico,imigenzo n’amagambo y’Intumwa Muhamadi. Uburyo Sheria ishyirwa mu bikorwa bukomeje gukurura impaka hagati y’abayisilamu batsimbaraye ku mahame n’abandi bajayana n’ibihe (conservative and liberal Muslims).
Gusa bimwe mu bigize Sharia bigenda byakirwa cyane n’ibihugu bitari iby’abayisilamu nkaho bimwe mu bihugu by’Iburayi n’Amerika byahisemo gukoresha uburyo bwa banki buteganywa na sharia mu kureshya abakiriya b’abayisilamu.
Hudud, bisobanura “imipaka” mucyarabu, ni igihano gitangwa ku byaha birimo gusambana, gufata ku ngufu, kuryamana kw’abahuje igitsina (ubutinganyi), ubujura n’ubwicanyi.
Ibihano bikabije biteganywa na Hudud, bitangwa gake kuko bisaba ko uwakoze icyaha ariwe ukiyemerera cyangw akabishijnwa n’abatangabuhamya b’abagabo benshi kandi bizewe mu idini ya Isilamu. Abagore n’abana nti bemewe mu gushinja umuntu.
Ibihugu bigendera kuri Sharia
– Arabiya Sawudite –
Shariya niyo shingiro ry’amategeko yose muri Arabiya Sawudite, kandi kugeza vuba aha byari bisanzwe ko ibihano bikomeye bya hudud bitangirwa mu ruhame.
Ibikorwa byo kuryamana kw’abahuje igitsina (ubutinganyi) bihanishwa kwicwa n’ubwo ubusanzwe igihano kigarukira ku gukubitwa no gufungwa burundu.
Gucibwa umutwe no gutemagurwa hakoreshejwe inkota bikorwa ku wa gatanu, mbere y’amasengesho ya saa sita. Umuntu waciriweho iteka we abambwa nyuma yo kwicwa.
Iri tegeko ryemerera kandi igihano cy’ijisho rihorerwa irindi mu gihe umuntu yahamijwe icyaha cyo gukomeretsa undi, igihano kizwi nka “qisas”.
Iri tegeko riteganya ko umuryango w’uwahohotewe ushobora kubabarira uwahamwe n’icyaha ukabona impozamarira y’amafaranga.
– Iran –
Amategeko ya republika ya kisilamu ya Iran, niyo yica abantu benshi kurusha ay’ibindi bihugu bishingiye kuri shariya.
Abacamanza bemerewe gusuzuma ibimenyetso bifatika, ibi bitandukanye na sharia ya kera kuko ubu Iran yishingikiriza cyane ku gufunga.
Icyakora, leta y’Abashiya ikoresha ibihano byinshi bishingiye kuri sharia, aho imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ihora inenga Iran ko “idahwema gukoresha ibihano by’ubugome birimo gukubitwa, gutemwa no gukuramo amaso abantu ku gahato.”
– Brunei –
Igihugu gito gikungahaye ku bukungu kamere, kiyobowe mu buryo bwa Cyami. Iki gihugu cyatunguye abantu kinamaganwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu igihe cyatangazaga ko kibaye igihugu cya mbere mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kigendera kuri shariya ikomeye muri 2019.
Soltan (umwami) wayo yaje kuvuga ko ingamba zimwe na zimwe zitazashyirwa mu bikorwa, harimo no kwicisha amabuye abaryamana bahuje ibitsina (abatinganyi) ndetse n’abahamijwe icyaha cy’ubusambanyi.
– Afuganisitani –
Kuva abatalibani bisubije ubutegetsi bagaruye ubutegesti bugendera kuri Sharia. Ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani bufungira abagore bagenda mu mihanda badaherekejwe n’abagabo babo kandi bategekwa kwambara burka yuzuye.
Ibihano bikabije bya hudud nabyo byarakorwa buri gihe.
– Indonesia –
Intara ya Aceh yo muri Indoneziya niyo ntara yonyine muri iki gihugu gituwe n’abayisilamu benshi ku isi ifite amategeko ya kisilamu azwi nka Sheria.
Igihano cyo gukubitwa inkoni ni ibisanzwe ku bahamijwe ibyaha byo gukina urusimbi, kunywa inzoga, gusambana n’ubutinganyi. Ariko guverinoma yo ku rwego rw’igihugu yanze ko hatangwa ibihano byo guca abantu umutwe.
Aceh yemeye amategeko y’idini nyuma yo guhabwa ubwigenge mu 2001 mu cyifuzo cya Jakarta cyo guhosha intambara y’inyeshyamba yari imaze igihe zisaba ubwigenge bw’iyi ntara.
– Sudani –
Kuva mu mwaka w’i 1983, Sudan igendera ku mategeko ya Sharia n’ubwo ibihano byayo bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bworoheje.
Igihano cyo kwica abantu babateye amabuye kiri mu mategeko y’iki gihugu n’ubwo hashize imyaka mirongo kidashyirwa mu bikorwa. Gusa muri iki gihugu abagore benshi bahanishwa igihano cyo gukubitwa ibiboko bazira gusambana.
– Pakistani –
Muri iki gihugu bagendera kuri Sheria ariko hari abavuga ko aya mategeko yashyiriweho guhana abongereza babaga muri iki gihugu ku bikorwa bakoraga byo kunywa inzoga, ubusambanyi, gushinjanya ibinyoma mu nkiko , ibyaha ku mitungo no gukumira ibiyobyabwenge.
Mu 2006, abadepite batoye itegeko rirengera abagore, iri tegeko rivuga ko imanza z’abasambanyijwe n’abafashwe ku ngufu zizajya zicibwa hatifashishijwe amategeko ya Sharia.
Imyanzuro y’urukiko rwa Sharia ishobora kandi kujuririrwa mu rukiko rukuru.
– Nigeria –
Intara 12 muri 36 zigize Nigeria – zose zibarizwa mu majyaruguru zigendera kuri sharia mu manza z’inshinjabyaha. Inkiko zishobora gutegeka ko uwahamijwe icyaha acibwa kimwe mu bice by’umubiri nk’ukuboko, ukuguru n’ibindi n’ubwo ari bike byashyirwa mu bikorwa.
– Qatar –
Gukubitwa biracyari mu bitabo byemewe n’amategeko nk’igihano ku Bayisilamu banywa inzoga cyangwa bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo butemewe, ariko ntibikunze gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ubusambanyi nabwo buhanishwa igihano cyo gupfa iyo burimo umugore w’umuyisilamu n’umugabo utari Umuyisilamu. Ariko igihano cyo kwicwa gikoreshwa gusa mu byaha bidasanzwe by’ubwicanyi mu gihe umuryango w’uwahohotewe wanze gutanga imbabazi.
