Nubwo hashyizweho uburyo bwo gupiganira amasoko ya leta hifashishjwe ikoranabuhanga benshi bakemeza ko kibaye igisubizo mu kurwanya amanyanga yakorwaga mu masoko ya Leta , haracyagaragaramo impapuro mpimbano nyuma y’imyaka ubu buryo butangijwe.
Bamwe muri ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato mu kugaragaza ubunararibonye mu gupiganira amasoko ya leta bahimba inyandiko bibeshyera amasoko batakoze cyangwa bakiyandikaho ayakozwe n’abandi bakoresheje inyandiko mpimbano kugira ngo bapiganire andi berekanye ko bafitiwe icyizere.
Uretse ibyo hari n’ibindi byangombwa bahimba birimo nko kuvuga ko bahuje ibigo byabo by’ubucuruzi (marging) bagahabwa icyangombwa n’urwego rw’igihugu rw’iterambere RDB kandi bitarabayeho.
Rwandanziza yacukumbuye zimwe mu mpapuro mpimbano zakoreshweje na ba rwiyemezamirimo biyitirira amasoko atarabayeho n’ayakozwe n’abandi bagahabwa amasoko byiswe ko bafite ubunararibonye kandi ntabwo.
Kompanyi (company) yitwa BEA COMPANY LTD nyirayo yagaragaje ibyangombwa bitandukanye ubwo yapiganirwaga isoko yanatsindiye muri 2019. Mubyo yatanze yavugaga ko yakoze isoko ryo kwiga ku isanwa ry’ibiro by’Umurenge wa Ngamba na Rukoma mu Karere ka Kamonyi muri 2018 kandi atararikoze. Nkuko bigaragara kuri izi nyandiko hariho umukono w’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere na noteri wako bigaragaza ko aribo bemeje ko isoko yarikoze neza kandi atarigeze arihabwa kuko imikono iri kuri izo nyandiko zombi ari impimbano.
Ikompanyi (Company) yitwa BUSINESS AND CONSTRUCTION LTD nyirayo nawe ubwo yapiganiraga isoko rifite agaciro ka miliyoni zikabakaba 10 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu Karere ka Rutsiro yanatsindiye yagaragaje impapuro mpimbano avuga ko hari isoko yatsindiye anarikora neza mu Karere ka Kayonza nkuko yabiherewe urupapuro rwemeza ko yabikoze neza n’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere kandi ari ibihimbano. Nawe yahimbye umukono w’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Kayonza n’uwa Noteri wako.Akarere ka Kayonza kavuga ko iki kigo (company) kitigeze gikorera muri aka Karere ndetse ko n’umushinga bavuga ko bakoze utigeze uba muri aka Karere nkuko umunyamabanga nshingwa bikorwa wako KAGABA Hero Aaron yabibwiye rwandanziza.
Kompanyi yitwa UA abayihagararaiye nabo bavuga ko mu mwaka wa 2015 batsindiye isoko ryo gutanga ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ku kigo Nderabuzima cya Nduba-Gasanze kandi bitarabayeho. Aba nabo mu nyandiko dufitiye kopi bahimbye umukono w’umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Gasabo na Noteri wako. Bagaragaje kandi ko yagemuriye ibiryo abanyarwanda birukanywe muri Tanzania bacumbikiwe mu Karere ka Gicumbi kandi bitarabayeho kuko inyandiko ibigaragaza iriho umukono w’Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Gicumbi w’umuhimbano. Ibi byabafashije gutsindira amasoko atandukanye arimo iryo mu Karere ka Huye ryiswe (Supply toolkits for the students from IWAWA), iryo mu Karere ka Rutsiro ryiswe Rutsiro District (Construction materials for Karumbi maternity retaining wall) n’iryo mu Karere ka Rusizi ryiswe (Kugemura imiti n’ibikoresho byo mu biraro by’inkoko). Aya masoko yombi afite agaciro ka miliyoni ziterenga 20 mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Aba bombi bemera ko ariyo masoko ya leta bari bapiganiye bwa mbere bakayatsinda bifashishije izi mpapuro mpimbano zigaragaza ko basanzwe bakora amasoko ya leta neza nubwo bavuga ko batazi abazibakoreye kuko batigeze bahura imbona nkubone
Umwe muri bo ati “ Njye naba nkubeshye nkubwiye ko ari njye uzikora cyangwa nzi abazikora. Hari abantu bisa naho bishyize hamwe babikora, muvugana kuri telefoni ukabishyura ukababwira ibyo ushaka kuri telefoni ubundi bakakubwira aho uzajya gufata impapuro zawe. Ni abantu bakomeye bafite amafaranga na gahunda (organized).” Undi nawe ati “ Impamvu ni ugushaka kuzuza ibyangombwa dusabwa none se mugenzi wawe wabona yatanze ibyangombwa byuzuye wowe ugatanga ibituzuye kandi muri gupiganirwa ikintu kimwe.” Abo bombi bahuriza ku kuba batazi abantu babakorera izi mpapuro mpimbano kuko ba rwiyemezamirimo babarangirana kuri telefoni.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018 gupiganirwa amasoko ya leta bikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ariko riracyagurwa kuko ubu ritabasha kubona umwimerere wose w’inyandikoz zirishyirwamo.
Karangwayire Charlotte Ushinzwe itumanaho muri RPPA avuga ko iri koranabuhanga riri kwagurwa ku buryo rigiye kujya ritahura umwimerere w’ inyandiko zose ryakira. “Yego uburyo bwo gutahura inyandiko mpimbano burahari. Mu gukora ikoranabuhanga, hari uburyo bwashyizweho bwo kwakira inyandiko z’ibanze z’umwimerere gusa. Ikoranabuhanga ry’amasoko ya Leta rifite uburyo bwo kwakira amakuru atanzwe n’izindi nzego yerekeye ibyo Rwiyemezamirimo asabwa. Ubwo buryo bwitwa “external linkage” bukoreshwa mu kubona ibyemezo bitandukanye birimo; Icyemezo cy’ubucuruzi gitangwa na RDB, Icyemezo cy’ubwiteganirize gitangwa na RSSB, Icyemezo cy’uko Rwiyemezamirimo atarimo umwenda w’imisoro gitangwa na RRA, Bid security itangwa n’ibigo by’imari, Credit line itangwa n’ibigo by’imari, Performance security itangwa n’ibigo by’imari.” Akomeza avuga ko hari gahunda yo kwagura iri koranabuhanga rikajya rinatahura ibindi byangombwa birimo Certificate of good standing/RDB, umwirondoro CVS, ndetse n’imikono (signatures).
Imbogamizi kuri ba Rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato
Ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato bavuga ko nubwo hari amasoko adasaba ubunararibonye ariyo nabo baheraho bapiganira ariko ko hari ibigo bya Leta n’Uturere bisaba ubunararibonye bityo bikababera imboganimizi kuko hari abo baba bapiganwa bo bagaragaza ubunararibonye bwabo nkuko bybemezwa n’umwe mubakoresheje inyandiko mpiambano.“Hari uturere dutanga isoko rito tugasaba inararibonye kandi mu itegeko bitarimo, aho niho duhurira n’imbogamizi tugasabwa bamwe mu baripiganira bashyizemo ibyemezo by’andi masoko bakoze kuko natwe tuba dukeneye iryo soko natwe bituma dushaka ibyangombwa byatuma dutsinda abo duhanganiye isoko.”
Iteka rya Minisitiri rishyiraho amabwiriza agenga amasoko ya Leta N° 002/20/10/TC ryo ku wa 19/05/2020 mu ngingo ya 29 rigaragaza amsoko ya leta apiganirwa na barwiyemazamirimo bakiri bato kuko mu kuyapiganira badasabwa uburambe:
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere amasosiyete akivuka, amasosiyete mato n’aciriritse ataragira uburambe, usibye kuba yasabwa abakozi bafite uburambe, asonerwa uburambe ku masoko akurikira:
1º amasoko y’imirimo atarengeje amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ijana (100.000.000 FRW);
2º amasoko ya serivisi z’impuguke atarengeje amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 FRW);
3º amasoko y’ibigemurwa atarengeje amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itanu (50.000.000 FRW);
4º amasoko ya serivisi zitari iz’impuguke atarengeje amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itanu (50.000.000 FRW).
Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta N°62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 mu ngingo ya 93 hateganywa ibihano kuri barwiyemezamirimo batsindiye amasoko ya leta bakoresheje uburiganya aho ashobora guhagarikwa mu gupiganira amasoko ya leta mu gihe cy’imayaka irindwi.
Usibye ibihano bitangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amasoko ya Leta iki cyaha cy’inyandiko mpimbano kinahanwa n’ Ingingo ya 277 mu mategeko ahana y’u Rwanda igira iti :
Guhabwa ku bw’uburiganya cyangwa gukora no gukoresha inyandiko n’impapuro bitangwa n’inzego zabigenewe. Umuntu wese ku bw’uburiganya wihesha, ukora cyangwa ukoresha atabikwiye, impapuro z’inzira zikoreshwa mu gihugu cyangwa ku bajya mu mahanga, impamyabumenyi cyangwa impamyabushobozi, urupapuro rw’amanota, impushya zo gutwara ibinyabiziga n’izindi mpapuro cyangwa inyandiko cyangwa ibyemezo bitangwa n’inzego zabigenewe; aba akoze icyaha. Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora kimwe mu bikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 FRW)
Uko ikorabuhanga mu masoko ya Leta rikora
Umucyo nirwo rubuga rukumbi abapiganira amasoko ya leta banyuraho kuva mu mwaka wa 2018. Uru rubuga rwatangiye gukora mu buryo bw’igeregeza mu mwaka wa 2016 rukorera mu bigo umunani bya leta, nyuma yo gutanga umusaruro rwahise ruba itegeko ku bigo bya leta gusa itegeko ritegeanya ko ikigo cya leta gishaka gutanga isoko hatifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga kigomba kubanza gusaba uburengazira ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amasoko ya leta (RPPA).
Uru rubuga rukoranye ikoranabuhanga rifasha abapiganira amasoko ya leta kubona ibyangombwa bitangwa n’ibigo bya leta ku buryo bworoshye kuko urwo rubuga rwihuza na bimwe mu bigo bya leta hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Usibye izo nyandiko zitangwa n’ibigo bya leta byahujwe n’uru rubuga ibindi bisabwa upiganira isoko niwe ubyiyuzurizamo mu gihe cyagenwe cyo gupiganira isoko.
Bugirimfura Rachid
