N’ubwo u Rwanda rushyize imbere politiki yo kugabanya imanza mu nkiko inyinshi zikarangirira mu buhuza n’ubwimvikane imibare igaragaza ko imanza zirangirira mu nama ntegura rubanza hifashishijwe ubwumvikane zagabanutse mu mwaka ushize ugereranyije n’indi yayibanjirije.
Urukiko rw’ikirega ruvuga ko « Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha imanza, abanditsi b’inkiko bagira uruhare mu kumvikanisha ababuranyi babyifuza mu gihe cy’inama ntegurarubanza, bigatuma ababihisemo ibibazo byabo bikemuka vuba kandi burundu bidasabye iburanisha risanzwe. Ibi kandi bifasha ababuranyi mu buryo bwinshi burimo ko umwanya bari kuzamara mu manza bawukoresha mu bindi bikorwa bibafitiye akamaro, bikanafasha inkiko kugabanya imanza zigera imbere y’umucamanza no kwihutisha itangwa ry’ubutabera muri rusange.”
N’ubwo aya mahirwe ahari mu rwego rwo kwihutisha ubutabera no kugabanya imanza mu nkiko abemera ko imanza zabo zirangirira muri iyi nama ntegura rubanza bagenda bagabanuka nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’umwaka wi 2021-2022 y’urukiko rw’ikirenga.
Ikindi ubu buhuza bufasha ababuranyi kuzigama igihe n’amafaranga bari kuzakoresha mu nzira zisanzwe z’inkiko.
Mu mwaka w’ingeno y’imari wa 2021-2022, mu manza zose zanyuze mu nama ntegurarubanza zigera kuri 18,230, izingana na 681, ni ukuvuga 4%, zarangiriye mu nama ntegurarubanza binyuze mu bwumvikane, bidasabye iburanisha risanzwe.
Ugereranyije n’imyaka ibiri yari yabanjirije uyu wa 2021-2022 imanza zarangirirye mu nama ntegura rubanza zaragabutse kuko nko mu mwaka wa 2019/2020, imanza zarangiriye mu nama ntegura rubanza ari 854 mu gihe muri 2020-2021 zari 864.
Urukiko rw’ikirenga ruvuga ko iri gabanuka ry’imanza zirangirira mu nama ntegura rubanza riterwa n’imyumvire y’abagana inkiko n’amahugurwa akiri make ku banditsi b’inkiko.
Raporo y’urukiko rw’ikirenga igira iti: “Ibi biterwa ahanini n’uko inzira y’ubuhuza itarashinga imizi mu myumvire y’abagana inkiko, ndetse n’abanditsi b’inkiko bakaba bagikeneye kongererwa amahugurwa mu bijyanye n’ubuhuza.”
Icyemezo cy’ubwumvikane gifite akahe gaciro mu mategeko
Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi niryo rivuga ku kucyemezo cy’ubwumvikane.
Ingingo ya 29 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko icyemezo cyavuye mu bwumvikane gisinywaho na perezida w’urukiko kandi ko kitajuririrwa.
Ingingo ya 29 igira iti: “ Ashingiye kuri raporo y’ubwumvikane, Umwanditsi ategurira perezida w’Urukiko icyemezo cy’ubwumvikane bw’ababuranyi. Icyo cyemezo gisinywaho n’umwanditsi hamwe na Perezida w’Urukiko cyangwa ababasimbura. Icyo cyemezo ntikijuririrwa, kandi gihita gishyirwaho kashe mpuruza kugira ngo ikibazo kijyanye na cyo gishobore guhita kirangizwa. Icyakora, iyo ubwumvikane bukozwe gusa ku gice cy’ibintu bisabwa mu rubanza, hakorwa icyemezo cy’ibyumvikanyweho. Umwanditsi ashyikiriza Perezida w’urukiko iyo nyandikomvugo hamwe na dosiye yose, uyu na we akagena umucamanza uzaburanisha urubanza. Umucamanza aburanisha urubanza gusa ku bitarumvikanyweho.”
Mu mpera z’umwaka ushize nibwo guverinoma y’u Rwanda yemeje politiki yo gukemura amakimbirane hatitabajwe inkiko ( Altelantive Dispute Resolution)ADR, iyi politiki yitezweho guteza imbere ubuhuza mu nkiko no hanze yazo.
Ubuhuza mu nkiko ntibukorwa n’abanditsi b’inkiko gusa kuko bunakorwa n’abacamanza cyangwa abandi bari ku rutonde rwemewe rw’abahuza rutangazwa n’urukiko rw’ikirenga. Ubuhuza kandi umuburanyi ashobora kubuhitamo no mu gihe urubanza rwatangiye kuburanishwa ariko rutarasomwa.
